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In Java, Exceptions are of two types - checked and unchecked.

Checked Exceptions

1. These are checked at the compile time.

2. If some code within a method throws a checked exception, we must do either of the following:

   a. Put the throws XYZException in the method definition.

   b. Put a try-catch block within the method (not where it is being called)

3. Eg. are IOException or Compile Time Exception

Unchecked Exception

1. These are the exceptions that are not checked at compile time. It is up to the programmers to be civilized and specify or catch the exceptions.
2. In Java, exceptions under Error and RuntimeException classes are unchecked exceptions, everything else under throwable is checked.
3. We don't require a throws clause or explicit exception handling (try-catch).
4. Eg. NPE, ArithmeticException (divide by 0), ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Should we actually catch Runtime Exceptions? Well that's a debate! I encourage the reader to do their own DD on it.